Deadly Stigma Surrounding Dementia in Kenyan Communities

A recent study published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease by researchers from Aga Khan University has revealed alarming consequences for elderly individuals exhibiting signs of dementia in Kilifi, Kenya.

The findings indicate that this demographic, often misunderstood and subjected to stigma, is frequently labelled as possessing supernatural afflictions rather than being recognized for their medical conditions. This misperception has led to significant social consequences, including isolation, neglect and even violence, with some instances culminating in murder.

Dr. Christine Musyimi, affiliated with the Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation but not directly involved in the study, estimates that approximately 258,000 older adults in Kenya may be living with dementia. Despite this substantial figure, ingrained beliefs attributing symptoms of dementia to curses or witchcraft persist, creating a barrier to proper understanding and care.

Such stigmatization inhibits affected individuals from receiving the support necessary for their condition. The manifestations of dementia, such as memory loss, restlessness, and confusion, are often misconstrued as signs of witchcraft. Reports from residents indicate that elderly individuals displaying abnormal behaviours are at risk of being accused of bewitchment and subsequently ostracized.

This trend not only intensifies their plight but also renders them vulnerable to mistreatment. Symptoms typical of dementia, including night-time agitation and hallucinations, further complicate public perception, reinforcing negative stereotypes rather than being understood as medical issues. The pervasive stigma prevents a shift toward compassion and care for those affected, leading to tragic outcomes.

The authors of the study advocate for heightened education and awareness initiatives targeting communities to foster a medically informed understanding of dementia. This educational effort is essential to dismantle the harmful beliefs that contribute to the marginalization of the elderly with cognitive impairments. Promoting understanding not only improves health outcomes but is also vital for safeguarding the rights and dignity of this vulnerable population.