Skin Bleaching
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Fueled by societal pressures and deeply ingrained colorism, skin bleaching remains a significant public health concern in Kenya, despite ongoing efforts to regulate harmful products and raise awareness about its detrimental effects.
The practice, widespread across the globe, is driven by a desire to conform to perceived beauty standards, with severe physical and psychological consequences for those who partake. Skin bleaching is often pursued as a means to align with beauty standards that favour lighter skin tones. Caroline, who previously used bleaching products, now deeply regrets her decision, recounting severe health complications such as kidney damage and skin discolouration resulting from prolonged use.
Her experience is not unique. Johnstone Olang, who began bleaching his skin as a child to resemble his fair-skinned siblings, continues to struggle with social stigma and the constant maintenance required to uphold his altered appearance. Colourism, a form of discrimination within communities of colour that equates lighter skin with greater worth, is a primary driver of skin bleaching. A 2010 study in Jamaica revealed that individuals who bleach their skin often exhibit lower self-esteem than those who do not, highlighting the intricate connection between self-perception and societal ideals.
Media influence, particularly in the late 20th century, played a crucial role in shaping these perceptions. The dangers of skin bleaching are considerable. Dermatologist Dr Saini Roop notes that while some individuals use these products to treat conditions like hyperpigmentation, many products contain harmful substances such as mercury, steroids, and excessive levels of hydroquinone. These chemicals can cause permanent skin discolouration, increased sun sensitivity, kidney damage, and a higher risk of skin cancer. The mental health burden of managing these adverse outcomes further exacerbates the issue.
In 2022, Kenyan authorities took action by banning over 400 cosmetics, including skin-lightening lotions and creams containing dangerous ingredients, through the Kenya Bureau of Standards. Despite these regulatory measures, many clinics and products continue to operate, posing ongoing challenges to regulation and consumer safety. In Ghana, the issue has even extended to maternal practices, with some women taking pills during pregnancy in an attempt to have lighter-skinned babies.
Experts emphasize the importance of promoting self-acceptance and advocating for safe and healthy skincare alternatives. Products containing ingredients like vitamin C, kojic acid, and niacinamide are considered safe and effective for addressing specific skin concerns. Dr Roop advises against full-body bleaching, stressing the need to prioritize overall skin health over altering one's natural complexion.