Why Swahili Architecture in Lamu Embraces Interconnected Storey Buildings

Lamu, a coastal town in Kenya, exemplifies a unique blend of history and cultural tradition.

The town is notably distinguished by its lack of motor vehicles. In this serene environment, donkeys serve as the main means of transport, emphasizing the town's commitment to preserving its historical lifestyle. Lamu's architecture, particularly its Swahili-style buildings dating back to the 18th century, offers a living portrait of the region's rich heritage.

A standout feature of Lamu’s architectural landscape is the 'wikio,' a network of elevated balconies that connect the upper floors of neighbouring buildings. These distinctive walkways, found only in Lamu's historic upper town, are designed to facilitate convenient movement between residences, allowing residents to traverse the narrow streets without descending to the ground.

This design not only enhances privacy but also strengthens community ties among the large family and clan structures typical of the area. The stone houses of the upper town tell a story of prosperity, having once housed wealthy merchants and Arab families during colonial periods. These structures vary from modest single-storey homes to expansive mansions, many of which have been modified over time.

Notably, the incorporation of additional floors and the construction of connecting bridges often occurred long after the original ground floors were built. Furthermore, the design of these houses includes limited windows on the lower levels, a practice driven by the desire for privacy. Instead, these homes feature a 'kiwanda'—an indoor courtyard that functions as the central hub, allowing natural light and ventilation to penetrate the space.

This inward focus permits buildings to share walls while maintaining both natural illumination and privacy, showcasing the innovative nature of Swahili architecture. The architectural legacy of Lamu remains particularly evident in the Mkomani area, where the interplay between tradition and modern influences can be observed. While contemporary trends impact the landscape, the core elements of Swahili design, especially the wikio bridges, continue to thrive.

These structures serve not only as a historical link but have also been incorporated into modern Western architecture, appreciated for their functional benefits and aesthetic appeal.