What Kenyans with Italian Citizenship Need to Know About Italy’s 2026 Referendum

Italy will hold a constitutional referendum on judicial reform on 22 and 23 March 2026, following a formal decree by the President of the Republic.

The vote centres on a proposal to restructure parts of Italy’s judicial system, with the stated aim of improving efficiency and safeguarding independence. A central element of the reform is the separation of career paths for judges and prosecutors. Under the current system, both belong to the same professional body and may move between roles during their careers, a practice critics say can undermine impartiality.

The reform would introduce distinct professional tracks and revise judicial governance structures. Supporters argue that these changes would help reduce trial delays, address long-standing case backlogs, and limit internal lobbying and political influence within the judiciary. Opponents, however, caution that the measures could affect the institutional balance of the justice system.

Italian citizens living abroad are entitled to take part in the referendum. Those residing outside Italy must be registered with AIRE, the official registry of Italians abroad, and ensure their personal details are current with their local consulate. In Kenya, the registered Italian community is estimated at between 2,100 and 2,500 people, including citizens with dual nationality.

Voters abroad may cast their ballot by post, with voting materials sent to their registered address in Kenya. Alternatively, they may choose to vote in person in Italy by submitting a formal request, known as the “Option”, to the consulate by 24 January 2026. This allows voters to return to their municipality of electoral registration, though international travel costs are not covered. Reduced fares within Italy may be available. 

The Option can be withdrawn before the deadline using the same procedure. The referendum addresses persistent concerns about delays in Italy’s courts, which have affected individuals, businesses, and the wider legal system. The outcome will determine whether the proposed structural changes are adopted or whether the current framework remains in place.