Labor Agreements Fuel New Opportunities for Kenyans in the Gulf

The World Migration Report 2024 published by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) reveals the shift in migration patterns for Kenyan and other African nationals.

Traditionally, the United Kingdom and the United States were the preferred destinations for migrants seeking better opportunities. However, recent years have witnessed a remarkable surge in the number of Africans, particularly Kenyans, Ugandans, and Ethiopians, migrating to the Gulf region. This shift can be attributed to a confluence of factors, chief among them being the economic opportunities available in the Gulf countries. Sectors such as hospitality, security, construction, and retail have proven attractive for job seekers from East Africa.

Additionally, the geographic proximity of the Gulf region to Africa, coupled with lower travel costs, has made these nations more accessible than their Western counterparts. Facilitating this migration wave are bilateral labour agreements between Kenya and several Gulf countries. These agreements regulate the employment of Kenyan workers thus providing a framework for their integration into the workforce. Consequently, remittances from Kenyans working in the Gulf have surged with Saudi Arabia ranking among the top three sources of remittances to Kenya.

Between January and August 2023, Kenyans in Saudi Arabia sent back a staggering Sh32.3 billion (USD 246 million), surpassing remittances from the United States and the United Kingdom. Moreover, the relative ease of gaining entry to Gulf countries, in contrast to the often stricter entry requirements of Western nations, has further contributed to this migration trend. The presence of recruitment agencies in Kenya and other East African countries has further streamlined the migration process.

However, it is imperative to acknowledge the challenges faced by African migrants in the Gulf region. Reports of abuse, including physical and sexual violence, restricted freedom, and unfair working conditions, have raised concerns about the welfare of these workers. In response, the Kenyan government has implemented new safeguards to support its citizens working abroad, particularly in Saudi Arabia.