Why Adults Grind Their Teeth While Sleeping

Many adults discover they grind their teeth at night only after a partner hears the sound. 

The condition, known as bruxism, often goes unnoticed by the person affected.

Bruxism is defined by dental professionals as an involuntary activity of the jaw muscles, particularly the masseter muscles used for chewing. During sleep, the teeth press together and the jaw moves rhythmically. 

This process is believed to be controlled by the central nervous system. Sleep bruxism is linked to brief arousal responses in the brain, while daytime grinding is more commonly associated with stress and heightened alertness, which may also increase heart activity.

Dr Stella Wanza of Versatile Dental Solutions in Nairobi reports that nearly half of her adult patients show signs of teeth grinding. Early symptoms are often mild and may include jaw pain on waking, morning headaches, or limited jaw movement.

Over time, the effects become more visible. Tooth enamel wears down, cracks may develop, and sensitivity can increase. For patients with dental work such as crowns or veneers, repeated pressure may cause damage, including chips, loosening, or early failure.

If untreated, bruxism can lead to significant long-term problems. Continuous grinding gradually shortens and flattens teeth and, in severe cases, may result in tooth loss requiring extensive dental treatment. 

The condition is also linked to other health concerns. More than half of adults with obstructive sleep apnoea are reported to experience sleep bruxism, indicating a connection to wider health issues.

Treatment focuses on addressing underlying causes, protecting the teeth, and reducing muscle activity. Custom-made night guards are commonly used to prevent direct contact between the upper and lower teeth. 

Stress management, treatment of sleep disorders, and regular dental check-ups are also recommended to limit damage and maintain oral health.